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Hair coloring and bleaching are popular beauty treatments that transform the appearance of hair, but behind the vibrant shades and lightened strands lies a complex scientific process.

Your hair’s color originates from a blend of two pigments—eumelanin for depth and pheomelanin for warmth—and their relative concentrations create your unique shade.

It’s the ratio and density of eumelanin and pheomelanin that define whether your hair is jet black, auburn, golden blonde, or anywhere in between.

Most hair dyes work by either coating the surface or chemically reacting with your natural melanin to create a new hue.

Temporary and semi-permanent dyes sit on the surface of the hair and do not penetrate deeply, so they wash out over time.

Unlike temporary options, permanent colorants are engineered to penetrate deeply into the cuticle and cortex, where they undergo chemical reactions.

Inside the cortex, the dye precursors bind with peroxide to create larger, insoluble color compounds that remain locked within the hair.

Lightening hair through bleaching is a far more destructive chemical intervention than standard coloring.

The bleaching formula relies on hydrogen peroxide activated by ammonia to open the hair and dissolve its natural color.

Peroxide swells the hair structure and chemically breaks melanin into harmless, transparent fragments.

While bleaching achieves dramatic lightening, it simultaneously strips essential lipids and proteins that keep China Hair Extension Manufacturer resilient.

Each level of lightening increases porosity and fragility, making post-bleach conditioning not optional, but essential.

The acidity or alkalinity of hair colorants plays a pivotal role in how effectively they penetrate and bond with the hair.

The cuticle of healthy hair is slightly acidic, around 4.5 to 5.5.

To open the cuticle and allow pigment to enter, these products are formulated to be strongly alkaline.

The raised pH causes the cuticle scales to lift, creating pathways for dyes and bleach to reach the cortex.

After processing, the hair needs to be returned to a more balanced pH to close the cuticle and seal in the new color.

Another factor is the porosity of the hair.

Damaged or processed hair has lifted cuticles and gaps in the cortex, making it a sponge for chemicals.

If porosity isn’t assessed, some sections may over-process while others remain under-treated.

Professionals often perform strand tests to predict how hair will react to a specific product.

Modern hair color formulations have improved significantly, incorporating conditioning agents like keratin, oils, and proteins to minimize damage.

Many premium formulas now feature vitamin E, green tea extract, or ubiquinone to neutralize free radicals created by peroxide.

Despite technological improvements, the core truth remains: color alteration = structural compromise, and must be approached with precision.

Knowing how dyes and bleach work empowers you to choose smarter products and avoid costly mistakes.

Armed with this knowledge, you can set realistic goals, select appropriate formulas, and implement the right aftercare routine.

Hair is not just a canvas—it's a living structure that responds to chemistry, and respecting that science leads to healthier, longer lasting results.